Lapis Lazuli is a relatively rare semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense blue color. Lapis Lazuli is still mined today in Afghaistan Badakhshan province. Lapis lazuli has been collected from mines in the west hindu Kush mountains in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan for over 6,000 years and there are sources that are found as far east as in the region around Lake Baikal in Siberia. Trade in the stone is ancient enough for lapis jewelry to have been found at Predynastic Egyptian and ancient Sumerian sites, and as lapis beads at neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the Caucasus, and even as far from Afghanistan as Mauritania. It is also found in Angola, Myanmar, Canada, Pakistan, and the USA It has a mohls hardness of 5-6 and a refractive index of about 1.50